Wednesday 11 December 2013

Critical Reflection of WINOL and The Justice Gap

WINOL teamed up with The Justice Gap (TJG) this semester offering the crime unit the opportunity to engage in weekly Skype conferences and pitch news stories to the editor Jon Robins. TJG is an online trade magazine, covering national stories for legal professionals; the target audience is a niche market interested in the law and justice. With a focused audience, it’s easier to target stories that will be of public interest to that particular group, but with WINOL we often debate who we are aiming our news to. I personally think we have established equilibrium by broadcasting a mixture of stories that would interest young and older age groups. Suggestions arise that if we focused on campus stories we would attract a large student population but I think this would diminish the reputation we have built of WINOL in the community. Access Winchester, which covers entertainment and reviews of 'Whats on', could focus more on campus news and events to act as a mini bulletin for the student generation, this would allow our news bulletin to focus solely on news across the Hampshire region targeting the older generation.

The collaboration of WINOL with TJG was one of the biggest changes this semester. TJG website underwent a complete makeover at the start of the term to increase search engine optimisation, and it now receives approximately 500 views daily. Contributors are legal professionals including lawyers and top QCs; which results in content that is opinionated and biased. This is why Winchester journalism students become a valuable partnership, we write objective reports steering away from the vision of campaigning. On average the time spent on TJG is approximately 4 minutes, (Alexa data 6/12/2013) regular content, including videos, is uploaded throughout the week with something new uploaded every day.

Next semester, I think the collaboration of WINOL and TJG should have a greater online presence, showcasing the partnership through a picture logo linking to a direct Winchester journalism page on TJG. Similarly this could be done with Radio so viewers can click on a picture icon to listen to the podcasts.

Social media has played a vital role in spreading stories around; with over 4500 followers on TJG, articles receive a lot of attention and approx 5-15 re-tweets for each of my articles. WINOL has just over 1500 followers on twitter which has only increased by about 150 followers since May this year. We should be following all the local charities, organisations and groups that our stories target; we are not following enough people that would be interested in our stories, and I think this would have a huge domino effect on the number of views our bulletin and website receive if we maximised the use of social media. Although we have built up a brilliant reputation on WINOL with the authorities that we interview, we need to advertise it more to make residents aware that we are a reliable source of news. If a small business group was set up we could aim to increase advertisement and marketing for WINOL.

With an assigned sub team this semester, text stories have started to improve in terms of SEO, ensuring articles have tags, focus keywords and photographs which was re-enforced by guest editor Paul Wood. Appointing a front page editor was a good decision as we can focus on what story is the most popular and continue to shuffle the website around to give a sense of a live feed. However, stories are very static from one Wednesday to the next, and in comparison to last year, where reporters were assigned to days the amount of content uploaded to the site has dipped. Earlier this year visitors to the site were spending approximately 5.16 minutes (19/5/13) and this has halved to 2.44minutes now.(Alexa figures 6/12/13) We can improve this by setting up a small team interested in news writing to turn around stories that go unused in the Google mail account, this would avoid the excuse of trying to cover a story that lacked pictures, because it was simply a text story. An example of this are the Inquests I attended at a coroner’s court, all three cases worked very well as interesting text stories but certainly not for TV, so I think we need to pay as close attention to other articles online to improve news writing skills as well as broadcast skills.

A big achievement for the team this year was winning the BJTC award: ‘Best News Day of the year’. Students received certificates for coming runner up in two other categories: 'Website of the year' and 'Radio feature of the year'. This highlights the success and commitment from the team who take pride in our student broadcast.

The first week as a Justice Gap reporter was a leap from my role as court reporter on WINOL, I found the role similar to a legal correspondent, researching and gaining knowledge in areas of civil rights and criminal justice, and often reporting on law reforms. I still attended court weekly, but took a more editorial approach allowing the other crime reporters to gain experience. I continued to offer up story ideas and coach them through what I had learned over the past year with finding out about court listings, scripting PTC, getting mugshots from Police and abiding by laws of contempt ensuring the defendant was positively identified to prevent defamation.

A personal achievement for me was breaking a big story that cameras were to begin filming inside the Court of Appeal before any other news broadcaster. I received this information after calling the press office with the initial impression that it was going to happen next week, but they informed me it was due to take place tomorrow and they sent me a press release embargoed to 6pm that day. I was proud to be part of this national buzz by sharing this exclusive news, moments ahead of SkyNews on Twitter.

Claudia Murg was a standout guest editor for me, she taught me the importance of self-reflection, planning, control and inquisitiveness she emphasised that journalism is all about contacts. Building relationships and keeping in touch with people gives you the advantage of finding out inside scoops. Taking this on board, I kept in close contact with a woman from the witness services at Winchester Crown Court, after interviewing her on a story regarding the new victim's code. I saw this as my closest chance to establish a contact from inside the court who could inform me of upcoming high profile cases, as unfortunately unlike big media agencies we cannot find out in advance what are the big cases to cover. I kept in touch with her via e-mail following the interview which led me to find out about an upcoming sexual offence case that she believed would receive a lot of media attention. To our surprise not many broadcasters covered the case and when I brought this to BBC South producer Poonam Bahal’s attention she was surprised they hadn’t covered it also. Ahead of Basingstoke Gazette who covered the trial, WINOL was the first source to break the news of this sentencing as I tweeted the judges summing up upon leaving the courtroom. This was one of my strongest packages, although it was lacking pictures, I set up an interview with the officer in charge of the case, and I was praised for having a genuine interest in the story, which came across in my PTC. For the first time I heard the victim statements read by the barrister in full before sentencing, so I did a follow up from the new code using this court report as a case study on TJG, and incorporating the view of a defence lawyer to see if it raised unrealistic expectations for victims.

In my first week the editor gave me feedback that I should be leading with the original source of quotes in regard to my article on the IPCC sign off into Cardiff Three Police corruption. I interviewed the investigative journalist Satish Sekar who worked closely on the case, and what he had to say had the power to lead the article. Journalism is about human interest and reaction, so I shouldn’t have buried his quotes lower down. I took this advice on and made a personal goal to lead every article with a top line unique to TJG.

A few examples of this are the interviews I set up with the Prison Reform Trust to get their reaction to government changes to prisoner’s privileges, the NSPCC’s response to the blocking of child abuse pornography online, and following criminal investigations into recent deaths in custody, I interviewed the director of ‘Inquest’ - a charity that carries out case work on the matter.

Common feedback in debriefs, was that we were not getting any case studies to add human interest to the story, e.g. coverage of job losses - we needed to hear from someone who had lost their job. When covering the Hillsborough Inquest, I interviewed a man who lost his brother in the crush which is a good example of getting comment from someone who it directly affects. This article alone received nearly 400 views which was ranked top three for Winchester student articles, amongst the Mansfield articles.

This was one of the first phone interviews I did, and I would jot down the key quotes throughout the conversation, this is where shorthand would come in handy, despite passing 60wpm, I found it easier to record the interview on a separate device.

The most memorable day for me was our trip to London. In one day I interviewed the country’s leading human rights Barrister Michael Mansfield and filmed David Jessel commissioner for the CCRC interviewing Eddie Gilfoyle, an alleged miscarriage of justice. The interview between Jessel and Gilfoyle was approx 40minutes, which I edited down to get to the heart of the punchy emotional impact. As you would with a voice over facts in our voice, opinion in theirs, the facts went into the article and the video highlighted his emotions.

I prepared for the Mansfield interview by researching into the high profile cases he covered and reading his book 'Memoirs of a Radical Lawyer'. That morning I was told he was launching his new chambers that day which he made clear was the news agenda he wanted to cover. I set up a YouTube account in order to upload video content to the website, and the Mansfield interview was posted online the following day receiving over 300 YouTube views. Speaking to such an influential man, there was an array of articles that could be covered on different news agendas; the privilege of keeping a shed load of stories in the can means you can pick the most suitable time to publish it. An example of this was the second Mansfield clipping on police corruption, which was topical around the time of the Plebgate scandal. I learnt that it is important to give someone the right to reply when covering a story - two legal giants Mansfield and Zander had conflicting views over legal aid funding, which is a good example of this, as I threw Zander’s opinion to Mansfield to spark a response therefore it was only fair to give Zander the right to reply. The Mansfield and Zander articles combined received over 1700 unique page views online.

The role of news editor rotated amongst reporters; although practising this role had good education value I personally think it affected the quality of WINOL's output. If it was someone’s sole responsibility they could continue to progress and enforce improvements each week. The standard of management alternates each time the role changes, affecting communication and output standard. Appointing a shadow editor would serve the same educational value, but allow one person to establish a recurring house style.

The partnership between the crime unit on WINOL with TJG helped me to broaden my skills in news gathering, writing, researching, interviewing and enrich my knowledge of national legal affairs that could be localised for WINOL. For instance I organised an interview with the Governor of Winchester Prison in our studio, which worked on both a local and national scale. This feature interview allowed me to cover several topics in depth, in comparison to needing a 20 second quote. I also got an exclusive news line here that was not covered elsewhere, regarding a new working regime for prisoners.

Finally, I feel I have demonstrated that I can carry out responsible journalism, reporting on current legal affairs and court proceedings has been an invaluable experience for me, putting myself in situations sometimes out of my comfort zone enhanced my learning. As Claudia Murg said, journalism is about being fearless and taking risks particularly at time where we have the support of our mentors and by following their expert advice we can shape our foundations in establishing a career in journalism.

Friday 6 December 2013

Week 10: WINOL

On WINOL we have been extremely lucky to have guest editors visit the newsroom, and often have the expertise and advice of 4 or 5 professionals in the industry. This week Poonam Bahal from BBC South came to visit us, who was extremely impressed by the professionalism of our work. Credit to the news editor this week Matthew Spencer for managing the final WINOL bulletin in an efficient and experienced manner, pushing his reporters in the right direction, gathering story ideas and communicating with the entire team to find logical solutions that we face in Broadcast.

There was a great mix of stories this week:

University Strikes - This was a good package, rich with NATSOT and the pictures are all there, it was current as it happened the day before the bulletin, and included reaction from the lecturers. Perhaps it would of been nice to hear from students if the strikes affected them, as this is the second strike this term. Remember exposition is important, we shouldn't assume the audience know what the strike is all about and why they are striking, the link needed to explain it in a bit more detail.

Sir George Young Retiring - There was a lot of information to tell here, and you did this really well with graphics. There was good use of archive footage here also, however the sound levels needed to be lowered as it was was distracting from your voice over. Other then that, you set this up really well by using your initiative to go down to London in hope of securing an interview, but none the less you did a confident PTC outside Westminster.

Cops on the Bus - This was an interesting story, bobbies on the beat now on the bus to help crack down on dangerous drivers. You had access on to the bus to do your PTC which was engaging and creative, only downside here is it lacked pictures, think about other creative shots, for instance what is the view out of the window like from the top of the bus? Show the viewers. We really needed to see footage of coppers in operation on the bus but understand the difficulty of this.

Job losses - This was a nice round up of the job losses over the last month, and it was a nice peg to cover over Christmas. Very comical sign off, but remember to have one line of exposition before you sign off as it feels slightly out of place, perhaps a PTC outside the shipyards in Portsmouth would of helped break up the piece.

OOV belt - the top OOV needed to be the fire story it had the most impacting pictures. This was a good break away from the lengthy packages. Credit to the present

Sport - Strongest week for sport i'd say, and I liked the variety, especially the handball package as it adds something new rather then match reports all the time. I liked the use of graphics to keep track of the goals, it made it easier to follow.

Access Winchester - This was a good plug, teasing viewers to go to the website, but there was no link to direct people to where they can find it?


Week 10: The Justice Gap

The final week of this semester is already here, but looking back over the term I am pleased with my overall performance. I have been extremely fortunate to of had the opportunity to be apart of the justice gap which has broaden my skills in research, news writing, news features, interviews and pitching stories.

I edited down the interview with Eddie Gilfoyle from our trip to London in to two parts, the emotional impact and the fresh evidence. This is an extremely powerful interview conducted by David Jessel, who was a commissioner at the CCRC when his case was referred back to the Court of Appeal.

Eddie was convicted of the murder of his wife Paula, who was heavily pregnant at the time she was found hanged in her garage. Eddie maintains his innocence and continues to fight to clear his name. He served 18 years in prison, and was released on parole in 2010. Since his release new evidence has come to light that the police have been sitting on crucial material that would clear his name and tell a completely different story had this evidence surfaced at trial. In court his wife's persona was painted as a happy bubbly person, but the jury were unaware of her diaries which were handed over to Eddie's legal team in 2010. The police kept these diaries hidden for 17 years, which allegedly show there was evidence of suicidal thoughts.


‘The life I had is gone, they killed Eddie Gilfoyle 20 years ago’




Part two on the diaries to follow shortly. 

Saturday 30 November 2013

Week 9 update

Justice Gap

In recent media there has been a few reports on criminal investigations into the treatment and care of mental health sufferers who have died in police custody. I felt this was an issue that the justice gap should cover following the alarming coverage of police misconduct in the press. The charity INQUEST which offers free advice to bereaved families has carried out a lot of casework which covers deaths in all forms of custody and detention, including prison, police, immigration and psyciatric detention. I spoke to the co-director of the charity who was preparing a report to brief MPs ahead of a parliamentary debate that day, she informed me of this therefore I wanted to address it to get fresh quotes rather then using the press release statement that was issued online.

INQUEST calls for action on ‘depressing regularity’ of deaths in custody


WINOL

WINOL this week was a huge push to get the second years to fill the bulletin, with the third year reporters all covering their own private projects it was down to the second years to bring in the stories. It has to be said that there was a disheartening attempt to bring in stories, and to see some reporters settle for an OOV when we were extremely light on packages made the editors job even more difficult as we had to find solutions to fill the bulletin. Luckily we had a reporter turn around a 2 minute package on the day which covered our award success; this was extremely efficient and appropriate considering it's not everyday we win awards. The biggest improvement this week was the use of case studies. In previous weeks this was a major disappointing factor that was addressed as people were broadcasting stories on job losses and cuts but there was no case study to illustrate how it was affecting people directly. Taking this on board reporters brought in two case studies this week which worked really well in adding human interest. Case studies add a depth to the piece which address the opinions of those involved, rather then just reporting on the facts. I thought the new editor this week did a good job in pushing reporters to continue to find another story if it fell through, consistently coming up with suggestions and solutions to encourage reporters.

I think the fact we now have a front page editor, and strong subs, the articles on the website are improving, and the regularity of changing the news around to suit what is receiving the most traffic is helping to lift the site. It feels as though there is more of a 'live' feed of news, compared to static stories that don't change until the next Wednesday. This can only continue to get better as reporters get into the habit of text stories.


Friday 29 November 2013

WINOL wins national award

This week the WINOL team won another BJTC national award for the Best News Day of the year for our coverage of the Budget. Students went down to Coventry University where the awards were hosted to collect our certificate. We are extremely proud and I personally like to congratualate everyone involved for their hard work and sucess. We were praised by the head of ITV news Geoff Hill and by the BJTC for managing to turn a bulletin around on the same day as the event.








 


Friday 22 November 2013

Week 8: The Justice Gap

On Monday the biggest breaking story on the Today programme was the announcement that internet companies Google and Microsoft were going to block 100,000 search engine results relating to images of child abuse. This was the top story for most papers, and certainly breaking news for online websites. We agreed in the Skype conference that we had covered a lot of miscarriage of justice stories, and that we needed to add variation to the website. Therefore, I suggested to the editor that I could cover this topic with it being a big current issue. To move the story on from the new changes made I wanted to get the angle that addressed the victims involved, I did this by contacting children's charities to get their view on on the new changes. After speaking with the media team at the NSPCC I was in contact with the head of Child Saftey Online, following the phone interview I transcribed what she said and wrote my article up that outlined what changes she felt still needed to be done. To view the article click the headline link below.

This week was a good example of how to address the people that are affected by the story rather then the story itself and move it on. This is something the editor has always been in favour of so rather then leading with the story about Google blocking child porn, I lead with the reaction by the leading children's charity. Every story in journalism has to engage human interest, if no one is affected by it no audience will want to read it, therefore getting the reaction to the initial story is really important in addressing a fresh article.

More networks spreading ‘poisonous’ child abuse imagery need to be tackled


Also this week I was covering a sexual offence court report on Winchester News Online. After speaking with the victim support group a few weeks back regarding the changes to the victims code I thought it would be good to do a follow up and re-address this story using the court report as a case study. The man was convicted of 20 offences including rape over a period of eight years, he abused women who he was seeing and therefore this was a big case whereby the victims had to come forward in court and re-live these terrible experiences. I think it's important to address the bravery of the victims as speaking up in court is a difficult process. I used the interview from the victim support group and the officer leading the case to write an article about the significance of impact statements, but to move the article on, I got the view of a defence barrister to find out how beneficial they thought this new right would be and whether it gives victims unrealistic expectations. Speaking with the barrister was really interesting to hear it from a different perspective. Although the Government have introduced this new right, the barrister pointed out how victims have always been considered throughout the process, just not in a way that exploited to the public exactly how they were feeling. That is not to say they were not considered by the judge, they always have been. The benefit of reading the statements aloud in full in court raised doubts in the barristers mind. To read the full article click the headline below.

Impact statements may raise ‘unrealistic expectations’ for victims

Wednesday 20 November 2013

Week 8: WINOL

Following on from Claudia's comments on the importance of contacts I got in touch with a connection down at court that I had worked with on a previous story. She informed me of a high profile case about a man who was convicted of 20 sexual offences; knowing about this in advance was a first for me, as usually with court it is pot luck with what case you may be sitting in.

When I went down to court the entire public gallery was packed with the victims, their families and members of the jury that had come back to see the sentencing. This was an extremely interesting case to witness as it was the first time that I had listened to the victim impact statements in full before the judges sentence. Often you hear that the victims statements are not read out, but a new code has been introduced where victims have been given the right to read out to the court how they have been affected personally by the crime. In this case, it was the barrister who read it out on behalf of the victims.

We are always told to think about the people affected by a story, and in this instance it was the victims, therefore I wanted to focus more on them by including quotes from their impact statements in my piece to camera, and my speaking to the officer in charge about the bravery of the victims who stepped forward. It was nice to interview the officer in charge of the case for once, as usually it is difficult to get hold of them, but following the length of this trial we agreed we were surprised there was not more press covering the case. She mentioned that Basingstoke Gazette interviewed her, but I am pleased to say that I reported on the story before they did when it is directly on their patch.

Due to the nature of this offence, there was a lot of hard-hitting quotes from the judge, this allowed me to script the story in a way that could really paint a picture of what his behaviour was like. Ian Anderson commented on the fact the piece to camera had colour and depth to it because it described what was going on inside the court, not only in regards to the defendant but also what it was like for the victims involved.

Ian Anderson mentioned that it was good to have a lead into the interview of us walking through the corridor, but if possible avoid boring backgrounds when filming the interview as it needed to have depth of field. But, he said that my package showed a logically process, and it felt neat from going from a PTC to an interview and returning back to a PTC to close it with the judges comments. Although court reports, especially those of a sexual nature, have very little images I feel I managed to tell the story in a way that painted a picture through words.

To watch the full bulletin:


Sex predator jailed for ‘humiliating and degrading’ attacks on women


mugshotA sex predator has been jailed for 19 years after he was found guilty of 20 offences including rape and sexual offences, spanning over a period of eight years.

Paul Kent, of no fixed abode, was described by the judge as a man with an “armour plated sexual arrogance” after he “blagged his way” through the trial at Winchester Crown Court.

The public gallery, packed with victims and their families, listened tearfully as the barrister read out their impact statements before the judge’s sentence.

One victim said, “she felt worthless” and attempted suicide. Another victim said she suffered nightmares and “every time she closed her eyes she would see Paul Kent’s face.”

Officer in the case, Detective Constable Louise Trigg told WINOL: “The sex offence he committed against them, plus a lot of humiliating and degrading things that he made them do as well, was just absolutely appalling.

“What he made these ladies do was terrible,” adding: “I don’t think it’ll be something they will ever forget I think it’s going to affect them for the rest of their lives.”

She praised the victims for their courage in coming forward: “They’re just extremely brave because to go through that in the first place must be awful but to then relive it and talk about it in front of people you don’t know and be judged on what you’re saying and questioned about it must be absolutely horrific, but they were all strong.”

Passing sentence, Judge Guy Boney said to Kent: “not once did you express one smidgeon of remorse or sorrow,” and said he had “deliberately treated them not just badly but brutally.”
The 37-year-old was sentenced to 19 years in prison, and will remain on the sexual offenders register for life.
 
DC Trigg was praised by the judge for her hard work in bringing this case to justice. In response she said: “I feel as if what I joined the police for I have achieved, I have made a difference and put someone in prison, that deserves to be there and hopefully made a difference to the victims in that they can get on with their lives now.”

Friday 15 November 2013

Week 7: WINOL & The Justice Gap

This week sparked a huge thought process for me, after Claudia Murg's visit to the newsroom I've been left thinking about where I want to go within journalism and when she asked me what my plans are, I couldn't answer her. The truth is, I'm not certain what journey I may follow, all I know is that I am going to try grab every opportunity I can with both hands, experiment, take risks, challenge myself and just see where it is that my strengths lie, and who it is along the way that I may meet. Journalism is an exciting world, it opens so many doors, it's an adventure that leads you into new realms each and every day, but you really do have to live, eat and breathe it, it's an obsession and it does become your life. It's difficult to switch off, if you disconnect yourself from the world, you've missed out, but then there are always the unexpected moments where you do turn away, and these are the times you find yourself talking to someone who has an interesting story to share. There would be no journalism without people, the subject matter is always about who is affected.

I organised an interview with Winchester Prison Governor this week for a feature interview, immediately there was problems with getting access into the prison due to health and safety regulations but a mistake I made was to not go for the next best thing and film outside. Instead he came and joined us in our WINOL studio, but there always seems to be technical problems with the studio, which meant the edit was certainly a challenge. The interview itself went well, but visually for the bulletin it was lacking pictures, we needed to see pictures of the jail to illustrate the story so that was one element missing.  When it came to deciding which part of the interview to use for the bulletin, I must admit I went with the safe option of reporting on the improvements of the prison as this had already been covered by other regional channels. As Claudia said you need to always be bringing something new, it's not journalism if someone else has already done it, which is why on reflection I feel I didn't push the story on. Click the heading to view it online:

Governor ‘confident’ Winchester prison is improving

















Having said this, I also did an extended version that did bring something new and fresh to lead with. A new working regime will be implemented into prisons at the start of this week, and therefore it has been posted up online just in time for the weekend.It also covered the debate over whether prisons should be places of rehabilitation or punishment, following on from the previous article I wrote about re-offending rates in prisons. It was really interesting to hear from a Governor's point of view whether they believe prisoners have equal human rights to us. The editor thought the interview worked really well, it had depth and substance, and it was different to a news report. To read and watch the video interview click the heading below.

New prison regime gets prisoners to work


This is an example of how a story has been found through speaking to contacts, it's before any press releases have been released, and before any other paper has covered it. A note from the debrief last week is that we need to be leading with a new story at the start of the week on the WINOL website, as too often stories have not been updated from the previous Wednesday. There is always a spike in traffic mid-week but then this dips over the weekend when there are no new stories uploaded. I have filed this article as a draft ahead of Monday morning, so that there is some fresh news to start the week.



Wednesday 13 November 2013

Claudia Murg: A Lesson in Journalism

Claudia Murg's background lies within investigative journalism, one that I will certainly argue as the toughest and most mentally challenging forms of Journalism. She started out as an immigrant from Romania, working as a fish and chip shop worker, now she can proudly say she has been apart of the biggest investigative platforms including World in Action, Dispatches and Panorama, and that is down to her sheer determination, fearlessness and passion to find a story and take responsibility for it. Her history within journalism is impeccably inspiring, without fail I am always left amazed by the stories and golden advice she has to share, and speaking from her experiences it is advice I value and wish to share. 

It was an honour to have Claudia return to the WINOL newsroom this week, after visiting us last year it was certainty a wake up call to be re-connected within the realities we are facing as budding journalists.
She is always honest, and thats the best thing of all, the reality that our bulletin this week didn't meet up to high expectations, and frankly this is the truth. Claudia told us we need to be aiming higher and higher each week, because if you aim high you have the chance to do something well. Every journalist needs a plan. Do not go anywhere without having done you research or forward planning. Think about the pictures you want to get, who is interested in your story, what response you want from your interviewee and find the human interest to the story. Every time Claudia visits she always knows our stories inside out before she speaks with us, because she has done her research. I found it an extremely effective approach that she made us score our performance out of /10 allowing us to think deeper about our thought processes when working on our stories and self critiquing how it went. 

The main point Claudia was emphasising is what are you going to do to justify the time someone is spending watching your story. You have to bring something new to the story, it is not journalism if what you are reporting is the same as what every other reporter has done; we need to work on developing our stories. Stress was placed on how crucial contacts are, journalism is all about curiosity and contacts. We should be calling up our contacts regularly and continue to build a trusting relationship, don't wait for a story to break before you call them, and then expect them to just help you. They are more likely to be helpful if you've not just called them when you need something all the time. This is the idea of contacts that we often miss, we should be in regular contact and using them as our main source to find out scoops to stories, not mimicking the papers and stealing their contacts because everyone else is doing it. 

Claudia and I had a long chat about the interview process, which gave me a lot to think about and reflect upon from my interview this week with the Governor of Winchester prison. When it comes down to the interview, the first thing you should do is clarify with your interviewee what your expectations are, let them know you are not there to waste their time. We need to remember that the interviewee can get bored too, we need to find a way of making the interview interesting and different. Ask random questions, you'll get the most intriguing answers it's just a matter of taking control. Don't even bother asking them questions you can get the answer to on the internet, or repetitive questions that they probably hear all the time, as a journalist you want to be memorable, ask innovative and challenging questions. Prove to the interviewee you know what you are talking about and that you have a depth of knowledge within the subject, if you have done your research you can challenge it more, the key is to be confident and be in control. 

Control plays a huge factor in the success of a story, we are the creators of our stories and therefore we 
hold the power, and this is something we shouldn't be afraid of. We shouldn't let our interviewees take over, we should know when to interrupt, to challenge and to reflect. We need behave like journalistic surgeons listening closely to what it is they are saying, it's no surprise that we are missing the simplest of leads into finding a hook because we are too busy worrying about the next question. If we are analysing bit by bit what is being said, and challenging the moments we feel are of human interest, the story is more likely to develop; it's the unexpected comments that we should be concentrating on. This was a huge lesson for me this week, I scored myself a low performance, because I did not feel as in control of the interview as I would of liked to, my questions weren't challenging enough and visually the story was weak. Despite health and safety issues down at the prison I should of pushed for the next best thing to have it filmed outside the prison, and visually and technically this would of probably worked a great deal better then it did as a studio set up. Claudia reassured us that confidence to take control will come with practise but its all about keeping in tune with your emotions and reflecting these aspirations in to your story. 

As aspiring journalists we need to be fearful she said, it's all about taking the risks, especially now more then ever when we have the comfort and support of our team and tutors. It's certainly a lot tougher in the real world, and on the outside we have to face up to the issues ourselves. It's those who are willing to go get it and just do it and find solutions and alternatives who will succeed. Journalism is an obsession, you either have the state of mind of a journalist or you do not. I'm sure as individuals the journey we will all take will lead us down different paths, but one way or another we will find out if we have what it takes.    


Monday 11 November 2013

Week 6 - WINOL: Debrief

There has been vast improvements this week across the board, our circulation peaked on Wednesday to just below 2000 views on the WINOL website. It's important that the traffic is monitored, we should be leading with the stories that are receiving the most hits online, and continue to update the stories over the weekend.

On twitter, we need to be regularly updating what we are doing, to boost our followers. We should be updating social media with what we are doing more, and target those who are interested. People no longer go to the papers as much, they go to twitter, it's easily accessible news.

All our articles need SEO to double our traffic, including headlines, tags, descriptions, key words and maximising this to improve the overall hits to the site and length of time someone spends on the site.

Subbing has improved this week, fatal errors are cleared, and they are all legally safe. But, there needs to be more attack, the stories need to 'sexed' up - it's far more engaging for the audience. Follow the subbing board now, there are deadlines for the reporters. There needs to be an update on a monday morning, the website desperately needs a fresh new story, we shouldn't still have wednesday's old news as our lead. We need a designated editor for the front page, keeping the wheels turning, and communicating amongst the team and subs.

From here on the word camera has been banned in our newsroom, we will refer to it as a 'quote grabber', prehaps this new jargon will catch on.


Thursday 7 November 2013

Week 6: Justice Gap

Prison reforms to rehabilitate offenders won’t stop re-offending


Following the prison riots at HMP Maidstone this week, I was intrigued by the cause. The riots occurred a day after the Government enforced changes to the Incentive and Earned privilege scheme. It was suspected that the clampdown on prison perks was the cause behind the riots. I wanted to look into this further, and address the question whether prisons should be there to punish prisoners, or rehabilitate them. I wrote an article on Chris Graylings rulings, but tried to move the story on by addresses whether it was actually going to help. I got in contact with the Prison Reform Trust to interview someone there who was willing to comment. Speaking with the Head of Policy and Communication, Mark Day I was able to include original quotes in my article, and give the story a fresh top line.

With this article, I tried to localise it by seeing whether there were any signs of any rebellious activity in Winchester Prison, however speaking with the Governor I was informed that HMP Winchester fully prepared the offenders in advance, and that they were aware of the changes months prior. Following this phone conversation I set up an in-studio interview with the Governor, David Rogers, to address broader prison matters. This feature interview will be broadcasted on The Justice Gap as a national angle, but locally on our weekly WINOL bulletin.

[Click the headlines to read the articles]

On the wednesday an article was published regarding the High Courts ruling which grants the right to anyone held under schedule 7 of the Terrorism Act to have a solicitor present face-to-face.  Jon credited this as a 'speedy' turn around, as it was up on the site within an hour of him messaging me the story.

Terrorist suspects given right to solicitor present during questioning


Week 6: WINOL

The Guest Editor this week was Will Boden, from BBC Daily Politics. He was extremely impressed by the running of our newsroom and 'blown away' by the fact that we are doing this every week. He said the mix of stories this week were really varied, and the lead story [shipbuilding job cuts in Portsmouth] was spot on to lead as it was the biggest news story of the day, and close to our patch. Will liked the use of the two way between the studio and the newsroom, however he suggested we included some footage of David Cameron. 

The interview with Rowenna Davis followed, this was good interview but a point Will addresses is that we shouldn't assume our audience have followed the story and know all about it. We don't want to spoon feed our audience but we do want them to be aware of what it's about so more consideration to explaining it in the link is needed. Will suggested this shouldn't have been the second story, based on the audience that we are trying to engage with it would have been more suitable to have a more localised story higher up for instance the 20mph speed limit story, or the scrap metal package. 

The Scrap Metal package has been the best piece of TV Journalism to air on WINOL according to Angus Scott, and I couldn't agree more. The entire package had every journalism trick, it was heavily picture lead, included NATSOT, a range of sequences, lots of varied GV shots wide and close up, and perfect scripting to pictures. What this package does extremely well is it keeps the viewer watching and thats purely because it is full of pictures, and this is what TV is all about. There are moments where there is a small pause in between shots, which Will encourages as it allows the pictures to breathe as they roll on, giving the viewer a moment to digest what they are watching.  

The 20mph speed limit package was a great effort to be more imaginative with pictures, both Angus and Will agreed that the use of a GoPro was innovative but the story needed to have pedestrians in it as it was lacking the hustle and bustle of central town. 

The dead dogs story was also another great story adding variation to the mix, Will said animal stories always go down well with the audience, this was one of three stories that had animals in it - dogs, dolphins, and hedgehogs! This was a good package, which Angus deemed a 'free story', by this he meant it was good to have a follow up from the story we covered previously, keeping up with the contacts that were made. In this instance we didn't need to state the footage was 'archive' even though we try to be as transparent as possible. Will made a point that we should look out for jump cuts, and avoid jarring moments as there is one point where the dog magically changes. 

The uni strike story was a good campus story, shame we didn't have any footage of the teachers striking or speak with any of them, but the interview with the Deputy Vice Chancellor was good. The radar story had some good set up shots allowing you to lead into the interview. Just remember the rule of thirds, as he is quite central in the shot. 

The hedgehog was the 'and finally' this was another good package, Angus credited the first 15 seconds of this opening as the best scripting to a news VT, it told the story instantly and from the very beginning the audience knew what the story was about. The PTC with the hedgehog was also a nice touch, however it would have been nice to see a bit more personality come through, and to demonstrate the hedgehog in a more playful way but it's understood that in these circumstances that you were asked to keep it informative and more serious. A point was made to ensure our links are not repeating what we are saying in the package, the PTC could of been cut in half to avoid repetition from the queue. 


Monday 4 November 2013

Week 5 - WINOL: Debrief

There is no personality in news, we should be writing like robots. 

The text stories online are very poor this week, as training journalists we need to practise our news writing. We should not rely on the sub editors to completely change the story. Read the papers daily, you need to be aware of the news agenda every day, keeping ourselves briefed on breaking news. Listen to the Today Programme, or local radio stations to keep informed.

Structure:

Headlines: Subject Verb Object

Subject to verb must agree on tense, case, plurals
The subject must be capable of  producing the action in the verb e.g "The cat sat on the mat" - this is a perfect english sentence - 'sat' is the logical verb that the subject 'cat' is capable of.
Passive voice - 'The mat was sat on by the cat" - although still logically correct,  keep to the active voice.

Top line - Who What When Where Why

Mood follows - Why has it happened?

Quotes 

If you lift a quote, you need to attribute the source, e.g 'he said in a statement'

Tip- Verbs of attribution - date the statement, e.g 'said last week', 'said today'. 

Ultimate quotes - 'It's a nightmare' and 'It's a dream come true'

Partial quotes - we don't use ellipsis '...' 'quote,' he said, adding 'quote'


Punctuating your quotes:

He said: "This is a nightmare."

He said it was a "nightmare".

"This is a nightmare," he said. 

"Every time you have a fact you need to diffuse it like a bomb disposal,
if you don't check it [facts], it'll blow up." - Horrie


Comment Vs Fact

Fact - Independently verifiable statement - always in the reporters voice - cross checking, fact checking and research is so crucial, the more facts you have the more valuable your journalism is.
If your facts have not been checked, and you are unsure, either leave it out, or fudge it. You do not have to always be right but you must never be wrong.
Comment - This is everything else - always in the interviewees voice - do not try to pass off comment as fact.

After para 2/3 - people begin to zone out - pack it out with quotes and facts.


To recap:
  • Write simple, declarative, active headlines
  • Do not comment in your own voice
  • Verify your facts, leave it out or fudge it
  • Do not lift quotes without attributing the source
  • Punctuate your quotes correctly
  • Don't wait for editors to sub your grammar

Saturday 2 November 2013

Masterclass: Storytelling for TV Journalists

"No story lives unless someone want to listen"

                                                                                                                       - J K Rowling 

Ian Anderson's Masterclass


When it comes to putting together a VT, the most important thing a reporter must do is share the story.

Impact is everything. The best pictures need to go at the beginning of the package to grab the audiences attention. The strongest and most powerful images of human interest need to be at the top to ensure the viewers will want to continue watching.

No story is complete, without a beginning, a middle and an end. The beginning is heavily relient on impact, the middle is the stories substance, and the end draws conclusions, and throws the story forward.

The story in classic TV news is all in pictures. It is important to visually assemble the story on your timeline first, and then script your voice track afterwards. The logistics of this is that you are scripting to the pictures, you should be talking about what the viewer can see.

Reporters must be filming interesting sequences and capturing the natural sound at the scene, this will help master the art of bringing the story to life. We should be heading back to the newsroom with reels and reels of rushes, allowing ourselves to be creative and have a variation of wide and close up shots.

Set up shots with interviewees are crucial to allow a lead into the interview, everything needs to follow a logical sequence, and flow smoothly. The VT shouldn't feel jumpy and abrupt. To enhance this, we should hear our interviewee before we see them. 

It is so important to have a plan in advance, head out on to the field with an idea in mind of how you in-vision your VT, and stick to the plan. As a reporter we are in charge of telling the story so we must tell our interviewees what it is we want from them, not expect them to be professionals in the art of TV, that is our job.

Assessing the validity of Police and Investigations

Key Factors: Quality, Validity, Fairness, Competence, Honesty and Training

The competence of those who lead and manage determine the quality of an investigation and the Philosophy of an investigation determines its validity. All investigative failures derive from failures of philosophy, leadership and methodology. Prior to 1982 police forces used variations of a system following Byford enquiry into failures in Yorkshire Ripper case. Due to failings in this case, a new methodology known as HOLMES was enforced.

All investigators have a responsibility for carrying out the duties imposed under the Home Office Code, including recording information and retaining records of information. 
The Officer in Charge of the investigation must ensure proper procedures are in place.
The Disclosure Officer must ensure everything is completed with discipline, moderation, cross checking and evidence.

Reviewing an investigation
OIOC – Officer in overall command
SIO – Senior Investigating officer
Functional Manager – responsible for individual functions

Policy books/documents keeps a record on the Police, they are used to 
  • Find fact and evidence to prove theory 
  • Record Philosophy
  •  Record actions taken
  • Write information that can assist the defence or undermine the prosecution - record contamination of exhibits or bad character of witness
  • Reviewing Investigations ensure compliance with processes are met, because not all investigators may be honest, competent or disinterested. 
It is reasonable to question the quality, validity and fairness if the structure is not defined, records are incomplete – subject to manipulation, and reviews are absent or if there is philosophy prejudice.

Understanding MIRSAP/HOLMES
MIRSAP = Major Incident Room Standard Administration Procedures  
HOLMES = Home Office Large Major Enquiry System – Computer software used by the police
The information is captured –
  • Comes in as a Message e.g. M1
  • Documents are marked e.g. D1
  • Reports come in by officer’s e.g. R1, R1A
  • Actions are time dated by the computer e.g. A1 [Actions follow messages, it is impossible for an action to be made prior to knowing the message.]
  • Transcripts, statement or document are marked Y1, Y2
  • Exhibits are marked with initials of officer who seized it e.g CM1  [E Numbers and X numbers should match.]
The first document to be created is known as the Crime Scene log, this is the key document that all senior investigating officers rely on.

Everything should follow in chronological order, as the HOLMES system allocates a sequential number to all data so that they can be recorded and indexed.

1.       Messages will be read, details of people and lines of enquiry can then be identified
2.       Actions will be raised, instructing an officer to close gap in knowledge of investigation
3.       Action Resulted, next iteration of cycle
4.       Investigation will then be reviewed, any problems can then be picked up before becoming an issue
5.       Result – Conclusions made

Indices
Indexing reflects the quality and accessibility of data held on documents (MIRSAP) or database (HOLMES)
  • Nominal index
  • Alphabetical Index
  • Information Indicies (Message, Action, Statement, Report, Documents, Transcript, Exhibit)
  • Index of categories (suspects, vehicles, weapons)
Each index records the date on which it was printed, and the number of days a document is held for. If these dates do not match then the indexing is very poor and highlights a corrupted investigation.

Other examples which show a level of corruption
  1. Errors in police statements
  2. Inaccuracies between police messages and actions
  3. Investigation inept
  4. Documents proven to be falsified
  5. Disclosure failures
  6. General failure to follow all reasonable lines of enquiry
This is why when we review an investigation the most crucial target is to look for anomalies, all documents are recorded which must show that it follows a continuous logical sequence. If not, you have every reason to doubt the integrity of the investigation.

Monday 28 October 2013

Week 5 - The Justice Gap

Mansfield and Zander clash over legal aid funding



Professor Michael Zander came to the University of Winchester to speak at the launch of the new Crime and Justice Centre, I transcribed his lecture notes here.  During his speech he commented on the matter of legal aid funding, backing that our legal aid system is better then any other country. During the interview for the Justice Gap with Michael Mansfield I threw him the question on what he thought about this comment and he responded against what Zander had to say.

This week I realised how important it is to re-address the people you speak to and share the article you have written about them rather then shy away in hope they won't see what you reported. Mansfield responded to Zander's comments therefore we needed to give Zander the right to reply. The argument here is that Mansfield believes the system is broken, but Zander supports that the legal system still works. However, Zander wanted to make it clear that he did not think the cuts were a good thing, so an additional line that directly addressed the fact he thought the cuts were terrible was included.

Click the headline links or view the full article here. This week marked an increase in traffic to the website, peaking close to 1000 unique views daily.


Victims to be allowed to address court before sentence




Also this week, I wrote an article on the new code which gives victims the right to read out their personal statements in court. To push my article on from the recycled press release reports I wanted to get my own quotes, I also looked to localise the story in order to use it on WINOL. I wanted to add human interest to this story by speaking with a victim that would want to comment on the new changes. However I was unsuccessful at short notice when trying to get hold of a case study as there are several issues surrounding confidentiality.

After contacting the local Victim Support Group I set up a video interview with Carolyn Martin who works at the Witness Services at Winchester Crown Court who are there to support and protect victims and witnesses. The interview went well, and it was good to build a contact from within the court and introduce myself and make the publication more known to them. A short clip of the interview was used as an OOVACT on WINOL, but as the bulletin was light on stories this week, the news editor asked for approx 35 seconds to beef out the bulletin a bit more. This interview worked well both nationally and locally and therefore it was published on both the Justice Gap website, and WINOL.

Cameras begin filming courts for first time

Furthermore, on Wednesday I was working on a text story regarding the plans for cameras to film inside the courts for the first time. When this was first brought to my attention I researched it, and saw other newspapers such as The Guardian reported the proposed filming would begin on the following Monday if the legislation is approved. After phoning the Court of Appeal to get the latest information, I was informed that it had been approved and it was going to begin the next day. Speaking with the Ministry of Justice press office I was sent the latest press release which was embargoed until 6pm that day. This was a highlight for me, working on an article before another publication had reported on it, and before the breaking news was due to go live.

Using social media we tweeted the article as it was published dead on 6pm, using the hash tag #camerasincourt. The Justice Gap reported on this landmark change moments before Sky News did, which I was extremely proud of. Full article here. 



Click the headline links to view each article.

Fatal Errors

All journalists will be aware of the fatal error system and the serious consequences that could follow if these errors are made. For example the paper could be sued for thousands of pounds or the individual could find themselves facing a court trial.

Every report must be fast, accurate and fair, and without fail avoid these errors:  

1. Malice 

We must never report with malice, this is targeting someone in order to damage them.

2. Dishonest presentation of sources - dishonesty generally 

We must never lie.

3. Causing Disrepute or disruption 

The above three would all have to be pre-meditated in order to fall into these errors.

4. Reckless inaccuracy 

For example spelling names and places wrong

5. Legal Problems - (without justification) 

You have justification if it is true and you can prove it

6. Regulatory problems - (without justification) 

For example, do not swear

The above three all boil down to inaccuracy, and this bad practise comes down to lazy reporting. 

Thursday 24 October 2013

Miscarriages of Justice talk by Professor Michael Zander

What is a miscarriage of justice?

Three types:
  • The innocent person being convicted – “the criminal justice system doesn’t actually concern itself with innocence” – when you are put on trial you are trying to prove that you are not guilty – never innocent
  • The guilty person who is convicted as a result of serious malpractice by the prosecution on faulty evidence.
  • The guilty person who is acquitted

No such thing as magicking away this problem – "we will always have miscarriages of justice", 'The problem is unavoidable.'

If innocence were the test as to whether you would be acquitted very few people would be acquitted. Very few people are able to establish that they are innocent.
If we were to change the test at the Court of Appeal (Test of whether it was unsafe) and change it to (is the defendant innocent) no one would qualify as it’s hard to establish that you have evidence.

Why do they occur?

  • Police wickedness – Guildford 4 Birmingham 6 – all cases where the police had behaved very badly, and the police fabricated evidence.
  • Police incompetence - based on their habit of rounding up the usual suspects – pursue it relentlessly without listening to the defendant.
  • Prosecution failure – failing to disclose evidence that could be helpful towards the defence – going at the case in a way that is misconceived
  • Defence failures – more common – failing the suspect, not listening to them, too often guilty of not bothering – defence lawyers may not be doing their job – lack of ability, resources – all these things play into the problem of  MCoJ


Eyewitness – question the credibility – it is ‘notoriously unreliable’ and ‘pretty shaky’ – persuades the jury based on their shaky recollection and personal experience – think how unreliable our observations are.  People try to report on what happened months ago – danger of falsified evidence -  “everyone is fallible, alarmingly fallible” the crucial witness that fails to turn up and loses their memory on the day.

What systems can be put in place to mitigate the danger of a victim of MCoJ?

Legal aid system

Legal aid system which provides resources for defence lawyers to defend the suspect at every stage –starting from the police station right up to the court of appeal and beyond if they go to the CCRC.
“We are at the moment in the throws of terrible cuts to the legal aid system, including the criminal legal aid system but that doesn’t detract away from the fact our legal aid system even with the cuts is amazing” if you take it internationally the extraordinary thing about our criminal legal aid system is it’s not just young lawyers cutting their teeth into criminal cases it is everyone who is involved in criminal defence work does legal aid work including all the top QCs they spend most of their time year in year out doing criminal defence work  and that’s unique there isn’t a country in the world that does that.

Public money is being cut drastically cut – but it will still be better then practically any other country in the world – so to that extent we should be grateful

Tax money is there to support the defendant – there are elaborate rules and codes of practice about the system and handling of the suspect starting in the police station  - very important part of the system

Prior to the establishment of PACE – we had the judges rules – in 1984 involved in training the police – middle management of the police took on board what was happening to them with the new system and made it clear to the constable – the ordinary rooting of handling.

Stop and search for example doesn’t work as well. The whole apparatus of PACE and the rules constructed around PACE are vital safeguards and protection for the defendant.

Tape recording in the police station – we are one of the few countries to have every interview recorded – although the police hugely rejected the idea of tape recording they pretty quickly discovered it helped the prosecution as much as it helped the defence because once the defendant has confessed in the police station and many of them do confess once it is on tape that is the end of it. And arguments about bad treatment about police went away and happened much less. Tape recording in the police station is an enormous safeguard for everyone.

Trail by jury is a wonderful safeguard – Concept of the jury is rightly cherished

Appeal court –It took over 100 years to get an appeal court – it took a famous miscarriage of justice case – before that court was established 1907 previously there was 37 attempts to set up a court of appeal – 100 years of campaigning to get it – It is there to set matters right when things go wrong.

Criminal Case Review Commission [CCRC] 

On top of or beyond the Court of Appeal.
The Home Secretary was where you went previously if you thought you had been wrongfully convicted – mobilise public opinion and write to the home secretary – this is still available despite the CCRC – it is there as a possible final resource.

CCRC announced on the day Birmingham 6 were released – a decade of concern on the way the court dealt with terrorism cases and recognition that something terrible was amidst. That all these people had been convicted of terrible crimes – extraordinary acknowledgement that something needed to be done about MCoJ – The Runciman Royal Commission was set up – but it wasn’t just about miscarriages of justice – it also required the examination of the criminal justice system – in securing the conviction of those guilty of criminal offences – ‘make sure that the guilty get convicted’ – ensuring that the innocence are also not convicted. Try and find out who committed the crime and try and put them on trial. Set up for two years – 11 people all of whom were very busy and had all other jobs – 43 full day meetings plus endless other meetings, visits abroad ‘studying mountains of evidence’ very time consuming business. From my perspective I was the academic – we had to spend our time worrying about the whole system how to gear it the best we could to make sure the guilty were convicted, the innocent are not convicted and there is efficient use of resources.

Judges, barristers, solicitors, police officers, lay people – wonderful combinations of professionals involved.

Came up with 352 recommendations – 3 proved to be controversial

In fact what happened in regard to the recommendations – main ones were implemented which were designed to help the defence, to prevent the innocent getting convicted. (About 80 designed to help the defence) Most important of all the recommendations was the CCRC, which was then set up – everybody agreed. 

One or two current issues – firstly is the Court of Appeal fit for purpose in dealing with the defendants who think they are wrongfully convicted. – The problem is we all believe so passionately in the jury and the Court of Appeal worked on the basis that the jury is the fact finding body and it’s not our job as judges to over turn the jury’s verdict – they will simply say ‘we are the judges not the jury’ – the responsibility of deciding these cases is the jury – problem the defence has is to persuade the judge that the jury got it wrong, need to find a new strong point that might persuade them but ‘if there is nothing new you almost certainly won’t succeed.’

You can’t be convicted unless the majority of the jury agrees 10-2 – the jury must be beyond reasonable doubt. The prosecution has to satisfy three judges as well, if the three judges are doubtful then they ought to quash the convictions, but I don’t think we would ever reach that. There is this concept of the ‘lurking doubt’ – famous case known ‘The Cooper Case’ quashed on grounds that the Court of Appeal found a lurking doubt. In reality they have come to the view that there was something wrong with this case and we cannot let the jury’s verdict stand.

From the judges point of view they are reluctant to engage in the process that is involves reviewing all the evidence, and then make up their mind. ‘It’s a tricky area’ one can understand why the system is geared the way it is geared. The Court of Appeal do not like this lurking doubt approach at all – it’s very difficult unless there is something significant that is new. The answer is that it’s very unlikely to happen.

There are rules that are very severe about fresh evidence. They will not be easily persuaded because they see it as you have had your trial and you have had your time – if it was available at the time of the trial and it was not produced then tough you had the chance. The argument is that you should have done it at the first trial – very tough and difficult to get a re-trial at the Court of Appeal.
The Court of Appeal is not always as tough as it’s practice suggests – practice is variable – do the rules need to change? No – it just depends on the individual judges sitting on the day – they are influenced by the facts but not always in the right direction.

CCRC is limited in referring the case to the Court of Appeal by the test ‘is it probable’ is there a real possibility that the conviction could be quashed if we refer it? CCRC have to second guess if it’s enough for the Court of Appeal, therefore the Court of the Appeal are ‘in the driving seat’ when they decide to investigate the case they select the most promising and then sometimes present the results of this to the Court of Appeal. Should the test be different? I can’t see how it could be different. The formula is – Has there been a miscarriage of justice? Research that has been done is that the Scottish equivalent of the CCRC here is the same, the CCRC do not want to get into the position of investigating hopeless cases, they want the attitude that there is something seriously wrong with a case, anything else would be a disaster. No alternative to this assessment that could work any better.

Of course the CCRC should get more resources, amazingly it is one of the few institutions that has got more resources, which is amazing.

In summary we are left with a situation that will always be unsatisfactory, problematic and worrying. Any one with an interest in this subject will always be concerned – some people will have been wrongly convicted. There are some people that we believe to be innocent – that’s the main cause of concern, and they should not be convicted. ‘All one can do is tinker with the system and adjust it here and adjust it there to help reduce the problem.’ Over the last 20 years we probably have reduced the problem, the Runciman commission certainly played a role. It’s an on going issue.

Q + A Session


Q: Looking at the media there is not a lot of coverage in the media anymore, before we had programmes such as Rough Justice etc – is there a reason why the media has moved on, they are no longer as interested in MCoJ as they were in the good old days.

A: Absence of interest from the media is lack of resources, and the setting up of the CCRC. The organisation ‘Justice’ was run by Tom Sargent with the help of many lawyers and supports – Justice did great work, and they pressed for the setting up of the body like the CCRC years before Runciman – when it was set up Justice stopped investigating MCoJ cases because they said they were a tiny little outfit without many resources and now we have a big body set up so they will do the job – in Birmingham. They no longer bothered to investigate miscarriages because there was a big body set up to do the job, and the news papers likewise and the BBC thought ‘oh well we now have a big body set up to deal with miscarriages specifically so we won’t bother anymore’ – and some of that has now been taken on by innocent projects around the country which is good but an innocence project cannot do what a TV programme can do.

Q: You mentioned the cut backs occurring and in recent weeks Mansfield chambers announced it would be closing – do you perceive this as something the legal profession will adjust to and the level of service will be retained despite the legal aid cut backs?

A: I am as worried as anybody about this development it’s ‘terrible’ we have been living in the belief that this would not happen – Chris grayling – he is not a lawyer and probably doesn’t even like lawyers – will it lead to declining in the quality and quantity of legal aid – yes but will it be the end of the world – no. People will still get defended and do very well – will they earn as much? Clearly not. QCs making a lot of money on criminal legal aid - will they drift off to do any other work? If you look at the crown court virtually everybody has been represented on criminal legal aid – some of them will put hands in their pockets to pay the lawyers and they will.

There will obviously be serious short comings ‘I am gloomy but not in despair’ If I was the Secretary of state and the Treasury said I have to achieve a 20% cut would I have done the same? Possibly because you cannot say no to the treasury you have to do what the treasury says and criminal legal aid is one of the these- ‘we live in difficult times’.

Q: Crime and Justice Research Centre opening in the university benefits the people studying in the discipline, but how much benefit will it have for anyone walking on the street?

A: ‘None’ – it’s not for the benefit of someone walking on the street its for your benefit – ‘the chances of actually helping them are not very great so you have to start off with the assumption that it is going to be a lot of work that will probably lead no where’

It’s much better then being in the pub – grinding work may seem incredibly boring but when you look back after your experience on working on the programme – ‘a real life human drama’ – it was interesting and you did your best, ‘you made an inch of progress and there is a mile to go.’ ‘The world will not be grateful’. Only people that will be grateful are the families you are supporting – there is the possibility that you will ‘strike gold’ and find that ‘nugget’ but it is a lot of hard work.  

Q: Do you think the media applying pressure to the police for a conviction is still a significant problem?


A: The danger to a rush to judgment has happened, but can you do anything about that to help? No you cannot stop the press publishing stuff to grab the publics imagination – will that generate pressure on the police? Yes that’s just the fact of life that one will have to deal with. But the jury can be relied upon to listen to the evidence. In England there is no jury selection process it is genuinely random and over and done with in 5 minutes. And I think you can rely on the jury even if they have some vague idea of the case from the press as they will be so focused by being in the jury box as one of the most important and interesting things they have had to do. Experience of listening to the evidence is very vivid, people take it very serious. That’s my feeling for what it is worth.